Though it did outline some basic requirements for a communist society, the manifesto was largely analytical of historical events that led to its necessity and suggested the system’s ultimate goals, but did not concretely provide instructions for setting up a communist government. The manifesto emphasized the importance of class struggle in every historical society, and the dangerous instability capitalism created. The Father of Communism, Karl Marx, a German philosopher and economist, proposed this new ideology in his Communist Manifesto, which he wrote with Friedrich Engels in 1848. Video: Karl Marx and The Communist Manifesto Basically, communism proposes a society in which everyone shares the benefits of labor equally, and eliminates the class system through redistribution of on income. What is communism?Ĭommunism is a political ideology and type of government in which the state owns the major resources in a society, including property, means of production, education, agriculture and transportation. It concludes with an explanation of the tensions that surfaced at the end of World War II between the United States and the U.S.S.R. This section provides a brief overview of communist ideology in the European and Russian contexts and includes information on the rise of the Soviet Union under Vladimir Lenin and its continuation under Joseph Stalin. Moreover, the competition between communism and capitalism as played out in the Cold War was arguably the defining struggle of the 20th century.
The bourgeoisie has torn away from the family its sentimental veil, and has reduced the family relation to a mere money relation.Communism: Karl Marx to Joseph Stalin Communism: Karl Marx to Joseph StalinĬommunism has been one of the most influential economic theories of all times recognizing its influence is key to understanding both past and current events. It has converted the physician, the lawyer, the priest, the poet, the man of science, into its paid wage laborers. The bourgeoisie has stripped of its halo every occupation hitherto honored and looked up to with reverent awe. In one word, for exploitation, veiled by religious and political illusions, it has substituted naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation. It has resolved personal worth into exchange value, and in place of the numberless indefeasible chartered freedoms, has set up that single, unconscionable freedom-Free Trade. It has pitilessly torn asunder the motley feudal ties that bound man to his 'natural superiors,' and has left remaining no other nexus between man and man than naked self-interest, callous 'cash payment.' It has drowned the most heavenly ecstasies of religious fervor, of chivalrous enthusiasm, of philistine sentimentalism, in the icy water of egotistical calculation. “The bourgeoisie, wherever it has got the upper hand, has put an end to all feudal, patriarchal, idyllic relations. Religion is only the illusory Sun which revolves around man as long as he does not revolve around himself.”
The criticism of religion disillusions man, so that he will think, act, and fashion his reality like a man who has discarded his illusions and regained his senses, so that he will move around himself as his own true Sun. The criticism of religion is, therefore, in embryo, the criticism of that vale of tears of which religion is the halo.Ĭriticism has plucked the imaginary flowers on the chain not in order that man shall continue to bear that chain without fantasy or consolation, but so that he shall throw off the chain and pluck the living flower. To call on them to give up their illusions about their condition is to call on them to give up a condition that requires illusions. The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is the demand for their real happiness. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. Religious suffering is, at one and the same time, the expression of real suffering and a protest against real suffering. This state and this society produce religion, which is an inverted consciousness of the world, because they are an inverted world. Man is the world of man – state, society. But man is no abstract being squatting outside the world. Religion is, indeed, the self-consciousness and self-esteem of man who has either not yet won through to himself, or has already lost himself again. “The foundation of irreligious criticism is: Man makes religion, religion does not make man.
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